Broken access control is a type of security vulnerability that allows an unauthorized user to access restricted resources. This can happen when there are flaws in the way that access control is implemented. There are several common manifestations of broken access control:
Insufficient authorization checks: This occurs when an application fails to properly check a user's permissions before granting access to a resource. For instance, an application may allow any user to view or modify sensitive data without requiring proper authentication.
Insecure direct object references: This occurs when an application exposes the unique identifier of a resource in the URL. Attackers can then use this identifier to directly access the resource, even if they lack the necessary permissions.
Session hijacking: This occurs when an attacker steals the session ID of a legitimate user. By doing so, the attacker can impersonate the legitimate user and gain access to their resources.
The consequences of broken access control can be severe:
Data breaches: Attackers can gain access to sensitive data, such as financial information or personally identifiable information (PII) of customers.
Account takeover: Attackers can seize control of a user's account and exploit it for fraudulent or malicious activities.
System compromise: Attackers can gain access to the underlying system and take control of it.
To prevent broken access control, organizations should implement the following measures:
Implement least privilege: Grant users only the permissions necessary for their job duties.
Use strong authentication: Utilize a combination of factors like passwords, two-factor authentication, and biometrics to authenticate users effectively.
Validate input: Ensure that all user input is properly validated before processing it to prevent attacks like SQL injection or code injection.
Log and monitor: Log all access attempts and monitor for any suspicious activity.
Here are some real examples of broken access control:
In 2013, a vulnerability in the OpenSSL cryptographic library allowed attackers to bypass authentication and gain access to sensitive data.
In 2014, a vulnerability in the code of the Heartbleed bug enabled attackers to read the memory of any user who visited a vulnerable website.
In 2017, a vulnerability in the code of the Equifax website allowed attackers to access the personal information of millions of customers.
These examples demonstrate the various ways in which broken access control can be exploited. By understanding the risks and implementing preventive measures, organizations can safeguard their systems and data from potential attacks.